Relative Risk Calculator
The Relative Risk Calculator computes the ratio of event probabilities between exposed and unexposed groups in cohort studies. Determine relative risk (RR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), and number needed to treat (NNT) from your study data.
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What is Relative Risk?
Relative risk (RR) compares the probability of an event in the exposed group to the probability in the unexposed group. An RR of 2.0 means exposed individuals are twice as likely to experience the outcome. An RR of 0.5 means exposure halves the risk (50% risk reduction).
Relative risk is the standard measure of association in cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. It's more intuitive than odds ratio because it directly represents probability ratios. RR = 1.0 means no difference between groups.
प्रयुक्त सूत्र और समीकरण
यह Relative Risk Calculator ५ मुख्य समीकरणों का उपयोग करता है:
1 Relative Risk ▼
Risk in exposed = a/(a+b). Risk in unexposed = c/(c+d). RR is their ratio.
2 Absolute Risk Reduction ▼
If control risk = 20% and treatment risk = 12%: ARR = 20% - 12% = 8 percentage points.
3 Number Needed to Treat ▼
ARR of 8%: NNT = 1/0.08 = 12.5. You need to treat 13 patients to prevent 1 event.
इस कैलकुलेटर का उपयोग कैसे करें
इस अनुपात कैलकुलेटर का उपयोग करने के लिए, इन ३ चरणों का पालन करें:
मान दर्ज करें
इनपुट फ़ील्ड में ज्ञात अनुपात मान टाइप करें। एक फ़ील्ड खाली छोड़ दें — यह वही अज्ञात मान है जिसे अनुपात कैलकुलेटर हल करेगा।
मोड चुनें
अनुपात मोड चुनें — हल करें, सरल करें, या स्केल करें। प्रत्येक मोड आपके इनपुट मानों पर अलग-अलग समीकरण लागू करता है।
परिणाम प्राप्त करें
गणना करें (Calculate) पर क्लिक करें। परिणाम स्क्रीन एक दृश्य अनुपात पट्टी, पाई चार्ट और चरण-दर-चरण समाधान के विवरण के साथ उत्तर प्रदर्शित करती है।
उदाहरण समस्याएं और चरण-दर-चरण समाधान
इस अनुपात कैलकुलेटर का उपयोग करके चरण-दर-चरण समाधान के साथ ३ उदाहरण समस्याएं नीचे दी गई हैं:
इनपुट 1 Drug trial: treated group vs placebo
इनपुट 2 Smoking and heart disease (cohort study)
इनपुट 3 Calculate NNT for a vaccine
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न (FAQ)
What does a relative risk of 1.0 mean? ▼
RR = 1.0 means the event is equally likely in both groups — no association between exposure and outcome. RR > 1 indicates increased risk; RR < 1 indicates decreased risk (protection).
How is relative risk different from odds ratio? ▼
RR uses probabilities (events/total), while OR uses odds (events/non-events). For rare outcomes (<10%), they're nearly equal. For common outcomes, OR overstates the association compared to RR.
What is a clinically significant relative risk? ▼
This depends on context. In cancer screening, RR = 0.80 (20% risk reduction) may be significant. In vaccine trials, RR = 0.05 (95% efficacy) is transformative. Always consider both RR and ARR.
Can relative risk be used in case-control studies? ▼
No. Case-control studies sample by outcome, not exposure, so you can't calculate true incidence rates. Use odds ratio instead. RR is only valid in cohort studies and RCTs where you follow groups over time.
What is the number needed to treat (NNT)? ▼
NNT is the inverse of absolute risk reduction. It tells you how many patients must receive treatment to prevent one adverse event. Lower NNT = more effective treatment. NNT of 10 means treat 10 patients to prevent 1 event.