Odds Ratio Calculator
The Odds Ratio Calculator computes the odds ratio from a 2×2 contingency table for case-control studies and cross-sectional research. Enter exposed/unexposed counts for cases and controls to assess the strength of association between an exposure and an outcome.
🕐 Recent Calculations
What is an Odds Ratio?
The odds ratio (OR) measures the association between an exposure and an outcome in observational studies. An OR of 1.0 means no association. OR > 1 means the exposure increases the odds of the outcome. OR < 1 means the exposure is protective. For example, an OR of 2.5 means exposed individuals have 2.5 times the odds of the outcome compared to unexposed.
Odds ratios are the primary measure of association in case-control studies (where you can't calculate risk directly). They're used extensively in medical research, epidemiology, meta-analyses, and logistic regression. For rare outcomes (< 10%), the odds ratio approximates the relative risk.
Rumus & Persamaan Yang Digunakan
Odds Ratio Calculator ini menggunakan 5 persamaan inti:
1 Odds Ratio (2×2 Table) ▼
Where a = exposed cases, b = exposed controls, c = unexposed cases, d = unexposed controls.
2 Confidence Interval (95%) ▼
If the 95% CI includes 1.0, the association is not statistically significant.
3 Odds from Probability ▼
A 25% probability = 0.25 / 0.75 = 0.333 odds (or 1:3 against).
Cara Menggunakan Kalkulator Ini
Untuk menggunakan Kalkulator Rasio ini, ikuti 3 langkah berikut:
Masukkan Nilai
Ketik nilai rasio yang diketahui ke dalam bidang input. Biarkan satu bidang kosong — itu adalah nilai tidak diketahui yang diselesaikan oleh Kalkulator Rasio.
Pilih Mode
Pilih mode rasio — Pecahkan, Sederhanakan, atau Skala. Setiap mode menerapkan persamaan yang berbeda ke nilai input Anda.
Dapatkan Hasil
Klik Hitung. Layar hasil menampilkan jawaban dengan batang rasio visual, diagram lingkaran, dan rincian solusi langkah-demi-langkah.
Contoh Masalah & Solusi Langkah-demi-Langkah
Berikut adalah 3 contoh masalah dengan solusi langkah-demi-langkah menggunakan Kalkulator Rasio ini:
Input 1 Case-control: Smoking and lung cancer
Input 2 Vaccine effectiveness study
Input 3 Check if OR is significant
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
What does an odds ratio of 1.0 mean? ▼
An OR of 1.0 means the exposure has no effect on the outcome — the odds are the same for exposed and unexposed groups. Values above 1 suggest increased risk; below 1 suggest protection.
How is odds ratio different from relative risk? ▼
Relative risk (RR) compares probabilities directly. Odds ratio compares odds. For rare outcomes (<10%), OR ≈ RR. For common outcomes, OR exaggerates the association compared to RR.
When should I use odds ratio vs relative risk? ▼
Use odds ratio for case-control studies and logistic regression. Use relative risk for cohort studies and randomized trials. Case-control studies can't calculate RR because the outcome proportions are set by the researcher.
What makes an odds ratio statistically significant? ▼
An OR is significant at the 95% level if its confidence interval does not include 1.0. For example, OR = 1.8 with CI (1.2, 2.7) is significant. OR = 1.8 with CI (0.9, 3.6) is not significant.
Can odds ratio be negative? ▼
No. Odds ratios are always positive. An OR between 0 and 1 indicates protective association (reduced odds). An OR > 1 indicates increased odds. OR = 0 would mean zero exposed cases, which is theoretically impossible in practice.