Gross Margin Calculator
The Gross Margin Calculator computes the gross margin ratio from revenue and cost of goods sold (COGS). See your gross profit, gross margin percentage, and markup ratio instantly — essential for pricing decisions, profitability analysis, and financial reporting.
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What is Gross Margin?
Gross margin is the ratio of gross profit to revenue, expressed as a percentage. Gross profit equals revenue minus cost of goods sold (COGS). A gross margin of 40% means that for every $1 in sales, the company retains $0.40 after covering direct production costs.
Gross margin varies significantly by industry: software companies often exceed 80%, retail averages 25-50%, and grocery stores typically see 20-30%. Tracking gross margin helps businesses set prices, control costs, and benchmark against competitors.
使用される計算公式・方程式
この計算ツールは5つの主要な公式を使用しています：
1 Gross Margin Percentage ▼
Revenue of $500,000 with COGS of $300,000: Gross Margin = ($200,000 / $500,000) × 100 = 40%.
2 Gross Profit ▼
Revenue $500,000 - COGS $300,000 = Gross Profit $200,000.
3 Markup Percentage ▼
With $200K profit on $300K COGS: Markup = ($200K / $300K) × 100 = 66.7%. Note: markup and margin are different calculations.
比率計算ツールの使い方
この比率計算ツールは、以下の3ステップで簡単にご利用いただけます：
数値を入力
入力欄に既知の比率の値を入力します。求めたい未知数の入力欄は空欄のままにしておきます。
モードを選択
比率モード（解く、簡素化、スケーリング）を選択します。各モードで異なる計算式が適用されます。
結果を確認
計算するボタンを押します。結果画面に答えと、視覚的な比率バー、円グラフ、詳細なステップバイステップの解決プロセスが表示されます。
実例問題と段階的な解説
本比率計算ツールを使って、以下の3つの例題をステップバイステップで解決するプロセスです：
入力 1 Revenue $250,000 and COGS $150,000
入力 2 Product costs $12 to make, sells for $30
入力 3 Target 35% margin, COGS is $65
よくある質問 (FAQ)
What is the difference between gross margin and net margin? ▼
Gross margin only subtracts COGS from revenue. Net margin subtracts ALL expenses (COGS, operating costs, taxes, interest). Gross margin is always higher than net margin because it excludes overhead costs.
What is a good gross margin percentage? ▼
A 'good' gross margin depends on industry. Software/SaaS: 70-90%. Retail: 25-50%. Manufacturing: 25-40%. Food service: 55-65%. Compare against industry benchmarks rather than an absolute number.
How is gross margin different from markup? ▼
Gross margin divides profit by revenue (selling price). Markup divides profit by cost. A 50% margin equals a 100% markup. A 33.3% margin equals a 50% markup. They describe the same profit from different perspectives.
How do I improve gross margin? ▼
Increase prices, negotiate lower supplier costs, reduce waste in production, switch to higher-margin products, or improve manufacturing efficiency. Even small margin improvements compound across volume.
Can gross margin be negative? ▼
Yes. Negative gross margin means the company sells products for less than they cost to make (COGS exceeds revenue). This is unsustainable long-term but may occur during market entry, liquidation, or loss-leader strategies.