Relative Risk Calculator
The Relative Risk Calculator computes the ratio of event probabilities between exposed and unexposed groups in cohort studies. Determine relative risk (RR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), and number needed to treat (NNT) from your study data.
🕐 Recent Calculations
What is Relative Risk?
Relative risk (RR) compares the probability of an event in the exposed group to the probability in the unexposed group. An RR of 2.0 means exposed individuals are twice as likely to experience the outcome. An RR of 0.5 means exposure halves the risk (50% risk reduction).
Relative risk is the standard measure of association in cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. It's more intuitive than odds ratio because it directly represents probability ratios. RR = 1.0 means no difference between groups.
적용 수학 공식 및 방정식
이 Relative Risk Calculator는 5가지 핵심 수학 공식을 사용합니다:
1 Relative Risk ▼
Risk in exposed = a/(a+b). Risk in unexposed = c/(c+d). RR is their ratio.
2 Absolute Risk Reduction ▼
If control risk = 20% and treatment risk = 12%: ARR = 20% - 12% = 8 percentage points.
3 Number Needed to Treat ▼
ARR of 8%: NNT = 1/0.08 = 12.5. You need to treat 13 patients to prevent 1 event.
비율 계산기 사용법
이 비율 계산기는 아래의 3단계로 쉽게 사용할 수 있습니다:
수치 입력하기
입력 칸에 알고 있는 비율 값을 입력합니다. 구하려는 미지수 자리의 칸 하나는 비워둡니다.
모드 선택하기
비율 모드(풀기, 간소화, 스케일링)를 선택합니다. 각 모드는 입력한 수치에 맞춰 다른 공식들을 적용합니다.
결과 확인하기
계산하기 버튼을 누릅니다. 결과 화면에 정답과 함께 시각적인 비율 바, 원형 차트, 상세한 단계별 풀이 과정이 출력됩니다.
실제 예제 문제 및 단계별 풀이
비율 계산기를 활용하여 아래 3가지 예제 문제를 단계별로 해결하는 과정입니다:
입력 1 Drug trial: treated group vs placebo
입력 2 Smoking and heart disease (cohort study)
입력 3 Calculate NNT for a vaccine
자주 묻는 질문 (FAQ)
What does a relative risk of 1.0 mean? ▼
RR = 1.0 means the event is equally likely in both groups — no association between exposure and outcome. RR > 1 indicates increased risk; RR < 1 indicates decreased risk (protection).
How is relative risk different from odds ratio? ▼
RR uses probabilities (events/total), while OR uses odds (events/non-events). For rare outcomes (<10%), they're nearly equal. For common outcomes, OR overstates the association compared to RR.
What is a clinically significant relative risk? ▼
This depends on context. In cancer screening, RR = 0.80 (20% risk reduction) may be significant. In vaccine trials, RR = 0.05 (95% efficacy) is transformative. Always consider both RR and ARR.
Can relative risk be used in case-control studies? ▼
No. Case-control studies sample by outcome, not exposure, so you can't calculate true incidence rates. Use odds ratio instead. RR is only valid in cohort studies and RCTs where you follow groups over time.
What is the number needed to treat (NNT)? ▼
NNT is the inverse of absolute risk reduction. It tells you how many patients must receive treatment to prevent one adverse event. Lower NNT = more effective treatment. NNT of 10 means treat 10 patients to prevent 1 event.